Transactions,standardisation and competition: Establishing uniform sizes in the British wire industry c.1880

When science could not provide a solution to transaction problems in the British wire industry c.1880, market groups had to negotiate a business solution. This involved converging towards a ‘one-size-fits-all’ standard: a process requiring compromises and cooperation between competitive firms, and solving coordination failure through state intervention. This paper demonstrates how different groups held different notions of ‘ideal’ standards depending on the incentives they faced. Reconciling these differences was an institutional, rather than a technological, process. The paper also analyses why, historically, dominant producers cooperated to set industry standards when faced with an imminent lock-in on ‘wrong’ standards imposed on the industry.     

运动员营养补充与运动能力关系的研究

运动训练之外的强力手段应用于竞技运动后,一直被运动训练界所关注,其中营养补充手段对运动能力的提高起着十分重要的作用。本文阐述了赛艇运动项目的营养特点和营养补充与赛艇运动能力的关系,综合论述了近年来赛艇运动中营养物质的补充与运动能力关系的研究。     

Sewers,wastewater and newspapers: the early environmental debate on water pollution in Turku,Finland, 1887–1934

Abstract

A century ago, city dwellers became increasingly aware of urban environmental problems caused by the waste products of industry and the growing population. Like elsewhere in Europe, water pollution became an acute issue also in the city of Turku, in south west Finland, The sewer system built after 1895 discharged all the municipal and rapidly increasing industrial wastewater untreated into the River Aura in the centre of the city, As a result, the quality of the river water worsened rapidly, and the first complaint on this was published in the local newspaper in 1899. In this study we document the press debate on river water quality and wastewater problems in the local newspapers of Turku for the period from 1887 to 1934, when the plan for a wastewater treatment plant was finally completed (the plant was, however, not built until 1966). The failure of the city administrators to present any solution to the river pollution problem caused the first major public environmental debate in the city at the turn of the 20^th century. Our results show that (1) sewers were recognized by newspapers as the primary cause of worsened river water quality, (2) the necessity of a wastewater treatment plant was understood long before the actual plan was drawn up, (3) the local industries were hardly ever criticized in public for water pollution, and (4) the initiative for improvements was considered to be the responsibility of the city administrators. The debate in the local press was often hectic, many decades before the 1960s, when the environmental debate is commonly said to have started.     

《全清词·顺康卷》失收查昇词辑补

清初海宁查昇《宫詹公诗馀存稿》存词达123首,《全清词·顺康卷》失收,《补编》及各类辑佚文章亦未见辑补。将其整理发表,以补《全清词·顺康卷》之缺。     

浅谈冶金质量与球墨铸铁皮下气孔

在球墨铸铁生产中皮下气孔是最常见的铸造缺陷之一,为提高产品的铸造质量,文章详细地分析了皮下气孔的成因,阐述了防止皮下气孔的工艺措施。     

现代钢铁企业冶金设备概述

本文全面介绍了近年来国内外冶炼设备的基本情况和发展前景,对现代化钢铁企业当中的炼铁设备,炼钢设备以及连铸设备都有所涉及,并提出了自己的观点和看法,总结了未来钢铁设备的发展趋势。     

输电铁塔焊接缺陷及质量控制措施

文章通过对输电铁塔加工过程中可能存在的焊接缺陷进行分析,对铁塔加工焊接缺陷的影响因素进行探讨,总结出相应的焊接质量控制措施,以期提高输电铁塔焊接质量。     

Irrational exuberance in the Chinese iron ore market?

The rapid run-ups in the Chinese iron ore market in the first half of 2016 have sparked much concern about the appearance of speculative bubbles in this market among many market analysts. Using a recently developed bubble testing procedure, we confirm that there indeed existed periods of irrational exuberance in the Chinese iron ore market. However, most of the bubble periods are short-lived, reflecting the market’s ability to quickly respond to price deviations unjustified by fundamentals. The longest bubble period occurred in mid-2014, corresponding to a period of relatively low trading volume. Using a fractional probit model, we find evidence consistent with the hypothesis that market liquidity may play a role in bubble occurrences.     

中国钢铁产业竞争力研究——基于策略能力观的视角

本文基于策略能力观的视角,建立了中国钢铁产业竞争力的三双模型分析体系。重点从国民福利与产业利润、前向竞争力与后向竞争力、比较势力与比较效率三个方面分析了中国钢铁产业竞争力的现状。研究表明,从中国钢铁产业的前向竞争力来看,与发达国家钢铁产业及前向产业相比,虽然在产业规模上具有一定优势,但在整体势力与效率方面都居于劣势,最主要的是比较效率偏低;从中国钢铁产业的后向竞争力来看,竞争力不足既有比较势力偏弱的原因也有比较效率偏低的原因,并以比较势力偏弱为主。本文最后提出了一些对提高中国钢铁产业竞争力具有现实意义的政策取向。     

国际铁矿石市场的契约安排频谱——审视国际铁矿石价格机制的新视角

国际铁矿石市场的各种契约安排呈现一条从纵向一体化向现货交易逐渐过渡、连续渐变的契约安排频谱,从频谱的左端到右端,相应价格机制的刚性逐渐增强.由于构成铁矿石市场主体利润函数的各经济变量是外部环境和契约安排的函数(本文重点关注了利润函数中交易成本这一经济变量,它包括计量、搜寻、讨价还价、风险和治理成本),因此针对既定的外部环境,市场主体力求与交易对象达成使自身利润最大化的契约安排进而与交易对象围绕契约安排进行讨价还价.当这种讨价还价达到纳什均衡状态时,均衡价格与交易数量同时被决定,铁矿石市场随即达到均衡状态.自上世纪五十年代以来国际铁矿石市场中契约安排重大变化均可被解读为外部环境变化影响了铁矿石进出口国的利润函数变量,进而均衡契约安排在频谱上的落点不断推移的过程.